The elastic element of high-speed pantograph is used to relieve the shock and vibration between pantograph and catenary to ensure the dynamic current collection of pantograph head is stable and reliable. The elastic element is prone to failure when it operates under complex working conditions such as aerodynamic force and pantograph catenary coupling for a long time. How to solve the failure of elastic element to improve the safety and reliability becomes the key problem to improve the current collection quality of pantograph and catenary. Based on the analysis of the fatigue failure of elastic element in the application of CRH380 high-speed EMUs pantograph, the causes of the fatigue failure of elastic element were analyzed and the structure was optimized from the three aspects of elastic element structure, strength check and fatigue life test. Through the test and application, the improvement effect was fully verified. The test results show that the fatigue test life of the improved scheme is 31.8 times of that of the original scheme, the service life of elastic element is greatly improved.