In view of the problem of torque transmission between wheels and axles of high-speed variable-gauge EMU bogies, three transmission schemes were put forward, which were roller spline transmission scheme, spline shaft transmission scheme and sleeve spline transmission scheme. The three schemes were compared, and the strength check and finite element analysis were carried out for the spline shaft transmission scheme and the sleeve spline transmission scheme. The results showed that the advantages of the sleeve spline drive scheme were outstanding, which should be considered firstly among the three drive modes.