In order to solve the problem of vehicle-guideway coupling vibration, a full-state feedback optimal control method based on reduced-order observer was proposed, which took the single magnet-guideway coupling vibration system as the research object, and had been validated effectively on a small-scale test rig. The results showed that the reduced-order observer could accurately and rapidly estimate the state of the system with good effect, and had simple structure and easy to be realized in engineering. The control method could still make the system stable without considering the damping effect of the track beam, and effectively restrain the coupling vibration. Moreover, it reduced the requirement of the stability of the system for the rigidity of the track beam, and greatly reduced the construction cost of the maglev traffic.