In order to determine the critical components and failure modes in the system of high speed train bogie, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process was used to improve the traditional FMECA, which was formed into a fuzzy FMECA. The fuzzy FMECA method could reduce the subjective impact of the evaluation process and optimize the evaluation results. By quantitatively analyzing the criticalities of the components failure modes of high speed train bogie and ranking the failure modes according to the criticality. The relative importance of each component and the failure mode was obtained, which provides references for the reliability distribution and fault detection and diagnosis of system.