In order to develop a comprehensive compensation system for efficient operation of the main transformer of the traction power supply system in the locomotive and rolling stock factory, three domestic commonly used factory traction power supply system corresponding comprehensive compensation device were briefly introduced. Through the analysis of the three-phase current imbalance and transformer utilization, the negative sequence currents of various transformers were calculated. Taking one of the power supply schemes as an example, the design scheme of the comprehensive compensation system was provided. The system scheme was in good condition in the field and could meet the requirements of the power supply system and provide power supply reliability and power supply efficiency, it could be used within the railway line.