Kinds of different situations for axles impacted when the high-speed trains were running on the track was introduced. The impacts happened reasons were analyzed, and the standard requirements of axle anti-mechanical impacts were illustrated. Schemes of protection against mechanical impacts for axles were focused on, including coating protection and mechanical protection which had been put into application, as well as some other protection ways which were still in the research stage. For every solution, the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, and the conclusion and the proposal about the protection against mechanical impacts for high-speed train axles were put forward.