In order to test the crankcase location device of locomotive and vehicle systematically, the structure and principle was analyzed, and the two test scheme of single piece loading and system loading was designed and compared, focusing on research of crankcase location device stiffness and fatigue performance for system loading scheme. The test result showed that test design was coincide with practical conditions, and the system test could represent the mechanical properties more accurately. And the test data showed that longitudinal stiffness of the crankcase location device was nonlinear, while the vertical and horizontal stiffness were linear, and the fatigue performance satisfied the on-board requirement.