In order to analyze the influence of different bearing arrangement on the high-power locomotive drive system, the bending deformation of the armature axle, bearing life and gear mesh were compared by Romax Designer software. The result indicated that compared with simply supported bracing structure and cantilever bracing structure, the two-terminal bracing structure had less amount of bending deformation, bearing life of which was increased by 2.67 times and 23.53 times owing to the improved working-condition of bearing rollers, and tooth contact strength as well as tooth bending strength of which were significantly reduced, thereby improving the gear strength and life.