基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测

张昌凡; 徐逸夫; 何静; 杨皓楠

doi:10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.06.001

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基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测

铁道机车车辆 | 更新时间：2024-08-02

- 基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测
- Rapid detection of wheel tread defects for YOLO-v5 trains based on residual attention
- 机车电传动 2022年第6期页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  湖南工业大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南株洲　412007
- 作者简介：
  
  何　静（1971—），女，博士，教授，主要从事机电一体化机器的故障诊断和工业过程控制；E-mail: hejing@263.net
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52172403;62173137)
- DOI：10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.06.001
  中图分类号： U270.331⁺.1
- 纸质出版日期：2022-11-10，
  
  收稿日期：2022-05-28，
- 稿件说明：
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张昌凡, 徐逸夫, 何静, 等. 基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测[J]. 机车电传动, 2022,(6):1-9.

ZHANG Changfan, XU Yifu, HE Jing, et al. Rapid detection of wheel tread defects for YOLO-v5 trains based on residual attention[J]. Electric drive for locomotives, 2022,(6):1-9.
张昌凡, 徐逸夫, 何静, 等. 基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测[J]. 机车电传动, 2022,(6):1-9. DOI： 10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.06.001.

ZHANG Changfan, XU Yifu, HE Jing, et al. Rapid detection of wheel tread defects for YOLO-v5 trains based on residual attention[J]. Electric drive for locomotives, 2022,(6):1-9. DOI： 10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.06.001.

摘要

为实现快速准确地检测轮对踏面缺陷，针对轮对踏面噪声干扰大、传统检测算法特征融合不充分的问题，提出一种基于残差注意力的YOLO-v5列车轮对踏面缺陷快速检测方法。首先，针对噪声干扰大的问题，设计了一个残差注意力降噪模块，以有效提升模型检测准确率，并使用Grad-CAM类激活映射技术验证残差注意力模块降低噪声干扰的作用；其次，针对特征融合不充分和模型容易产生漏检的问题，使用一种双向特征金字塔特征融合模块，对主干网络提取的特征进行高效融合，从而有效地降低检测漏检率；最后，采集了数百幅轮对踏面真实缺陷图像，并与5种经典检测模型进行对比，验证了算法的优越性。试验结果表明，该算法能够达到77.9%的准确率和72.3%的召回率，同时所提算法的图像检测速度能达到125幅/秒，模型权重仅为15.1 MB。该模型能快速准确地检测出剥离和凹陷2种缺陷，可便捷地应用于实际的轮对踏面实时缺陷检测场景。

Abstract

In respect of large noise interference of wheel tread and insufficient feature fusion of traditional detection algorithms

in order to achieve fast and accurate detection of wheel tread defects

a method for rapid detection of wheel tread defects for YOLO-v5 trains based on residual attention was proposed. First

for the large noise interference

a residual attention noise reduction module was designed to effectively improve the accuracy of model detection

and the Grad-CAM activation mapping technology was used to verify the effect of the residual attention module on reducing noise interference. Secondly

in view of insufficient feature fusion and the model being prone to omission

a feature fusion module of bidirectional feature pyramid was used to efficiently fuse the features extracted by the backbone network

thereby effectively reducing the omission rate. Finally

hundreds of real defect images of wheel treads were collected and contrasted with five classic detection models to verify the superiority of the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can achieve 77.9% accuracy and 72.3% recall; in addition

the proposed algorithm can detect 125 images per second

and the model weight is only 15.1 MB. The model can quickly and accurately detect such two defects as peeling and sagging

and can be easily applied to the actual real-time defect detection scenario of wheel tread.

关键词

缺陷检测轮对踏面YOLO-v5残差注意力双向特征金字塔

Keywords

defect detectionwheel treadYOLO-v5residual attentionbidirectional feature pyramid

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