公路货运能耗及低碳化发展路径研究

张明琦; 郑泽东; 李永东

doi:10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.03.002

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公路货运能耗及低碳化发展路径研究

综述 | 更新时间：2024-08-02

- 公路货运能耗及低碳化发展路径研究
- Research on road freight energy consumption and low-carbon development path
- 机车电传动 2022年第3期页码：10-16
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  郑泽东（1980—），男，工学博士，副教授，博士生导师，主要从事交流电机控制、电力电子变压器、多电平电力电子变换器、机车牵引与船舶推进方面的研究；E-mail: zzd@tsinghua.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.03.002
  中图分类号： U469.7
- 纸质出版日期：2022-05-10，
  
  收稿日期：2022-04-30，
- 稿件说明：
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张明琦, 郑泽东, 李永东. 公路货运能耗及低碳化发展路径研究[J]. 机车电传动, 2022,(3):10-16.

ZHANG Mingqi, ZHENG Zedong, LI Yongdong. Research on road freight energy consumption and low-carbon development path[J]. Electric drive for locomotives, 2022,(3):10-16.
张明琦, 郑泽东, 李永东. 公路货运能耗及低碳化发展路径研究[J]. 机车电传动, 2022,(3):10-16. DOI： 10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.03.002.

ZHANG Mingqi, ZHENG Zedong, LI Yongdong. Research on road freight energy consumption and low-carbon development path[J]. Electric drive for locomotives, 2022,(3):10-16. DOI： 10.13890/j.issn.1000-128X.2022.03.002.

摘要

能源与环境是当今世界各国共同关心的问题，交通运输业是能源消耗与污染排放的重要领域，发展新能源汽车是缓解能源危机、减少污染物排放的重要举措。近几年在国家政策的支持鼓励下，我国新能源汽车产业发展迅速，尤其是在乘用车领域，已有大量优秀的企业和产品，发展方向相对清晰，但其商用车领域尤其是公路货运的技术路线尚不明确。我国重型货车保有量约占汽车保有量的6.6%，但碳排放量占到50%以上，氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放量分别占到75%和50%以上，重型货车是节能减排的关键车型。分别分析实现重型货车电气化的3种可能方案——换电方案、氢燃料电池方案和电气化公路方案，可发现3种方案具有不同的特点，适用于不同的场景，3种方案在目前阶段也存在着各自的技术瓶颈。氢燃料电池方案在长途货运中有良好的应用前景，换电方案在线路不固定的短途货运中更具优势，电气化公路方案在线路固定的中短途运输中优于换电方案。

Abstract

Energy and environment are the common concern of all countries in the world today. Transportation is an important field of energy consumption and pollution emissions. The development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to ease the energy crisis and reduce pollution emissions. In recent years

with the support and encouragement of national policies

China’s new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly

especially in the field of passenger vehicles. There are a large number of excellent enterprises and products

and the development direction is relatively clear

but the technical route in the field of commercial vehicles

especially road freight

is not yet clear. Heavy lorries account for 6.6% of the total vehicle population in China

but their carbon emissions account for more than 50%

nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions account for 75% and 50% respectively. Heavy lorry is key vehicle type for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper

three possible schemes of heavy lorry electrification

i.e. battery swap scheme

hydrogen fuel cell scheme and electrified highway scheme

were analyzed. The three schemes have different characteristics and are suitable for different scenarios. At present

they all have their own technical bottlenecks. Hydrogen fuel cell scheme has good application prospects in long-distance freight transportation. In the short-distance freight transportation with irregular routes

battery swap scheme has more advantages. In the medium and short-distance transportation with fixed routes

electrified highway scheme is superior to battery swap scheme.

关键词

公路货运碳减排重型货车氢燃料电池汽车电气化公路

Keywords

road freightreducing carbon emissionheavy lorryhydrogen fuel cell vehicleelectrified highway

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