This paper described the definition and model of heavy transportation, from the world’s heavy railway transportation technology development point of view. The development of heavy railway in U.S.A, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Sweden, Russia, Indian and China has been introduced. The world recorder of the weight of heavy transport has been introduced. This paper also introduced the new development of the techniques in heavy railway transportation, such as heavy locomotive, heavy vehicle, ECP, line maintenance technology, security detection technology and train control technology, which have enlightening action to development of heavy railway transportation technology.