最新刊期
卷 ， 期 3 ， 2023
- 摘要：Hydrogen fuel cells, boasting their technical features of cleanliness, environmental and high efficiency, have been gaining significant attention in response to the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals. In recent years, hydrogen-powered rail vehicles have achieved fruitful results as one of the effective approaches towards the low-carbon transformation and sustainable development in the rail sector. This paper began with an introduction to the current development status of hydrogen-powered rail transit at home and abroad. Then, the core technologies involved were expounded, including the integration and control of hydrogen fuel cell systems, energy management for hybrid power, and fault diagnosis and service life prediction of fuel cells, with a focus on their technical pros and cons and scopes of application. In addition, the existing issues and challenges were analyzed and the development orientations were raised according to the practical considerations. Finally, the development trends of hydrogen-powered rail transit were prospected from different perspectives to provide a reference for further development and application.关键词：hydrogen-powered;rail transit;hybrid power system;fuel cell;fault diagnosis
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly and highly efficient energy source with zero carbon emissions. Hydrogen-powered hybrid locomotives can operate without relying on power supply from suspension line, offering traction power of non-electrified railway instead of diesel locomotives, and helping to reduce carbon emissions in rail transportation systems. Therefore, this kind of locomotives holds broad application prospects. This paper compared the performance requirements of locomotives that utilize on-board traction power supply with the technical features of hydrogen energy hybrid power system, and accordingly analyzed the applicability of hydrogen-powered hybrid locomotives, then the paper proceeded to a discussion on the key technologies of hydrogen-powered hybrid locomotives, including the main circuit structure, power and energy matching, large-capacity hydrogen storage, environmental adaptability, and safety management and control. In addition, the technical feature of the hydrogen-powered hybrid locomotive developed by CRRC ZELC was introduced in detail. This locomotive can replace diesel locomotives, resulting in a reduction of CO2 emissions by 670 tons per year and a significant decrease of fuel cost.关键词：locomotives;hydrogen energy;hybrid power;hydrogen fuel cell
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to identify the technology bottlenecks of hydrail technology, the development status of this technology was reviewed, to represent the demands of China for the application of hydrogen energy technologies in the field of rail transit, and present the research progress and the existing problems of hydrogen energy technologies in China, including hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and transport, hydrogen refueling, and hydrogen fuel cell power. It was found that the development of hydrail technology in China is still facing some challenges and gaps, such as low on-board hydrogen storage pressure, low compatibility between hydrogen fuel power systems and train structures, insufficient capability of independent research and development on key fuel cell technologies, and lack of standard specifications for hydrogen fuel cell powered trains. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed some suggestions on the development of hydrail technology, including: promoting innovative technologies for green and intelligent rail transit systems, and improving the hydrail technology system; implement breakthrough research plans for core technologies, coordinating the layouts of the hydrogen energy sector and the rail transit; formulating guiding policies for the development of hydrail technology, and establishing a green finance policy guarantee system. The conclusions will provide reference for the development of hydrail technology.关键词：rail transit;hydrogen energy;fusion;technical elements;suggestions
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Developing hydrogen energy is a crucial step towards achieving the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals. This paper presented a systematic review on the current application status of hydrogen-powered rail vehicles and the key technologies at home and abroad, and summarized the technical difficulties associated with hydrogen-powered rail vehicles and their power systems, based on the operational characteristics of rail transit. To address the constraints arising due to conflicting factors such as space and weight, energy and efficiency, and operation/maintenance and cost, some innovative approaches in application research were proposed, such as the low cost and high quality design, high energy efficiency design, high safety and reliability design, and standard system promotion. The research presented in this paper can serve as a technical reference for the application of hydrogen energy in rail vehicles.关键词：rail vehicle;green and low-carbon;hydrogen energy;new technology;hydrogen fuel cell;urban rail transit
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To meet the power requirements of DC-powered rail vehicles equipped with hydrogen fuel cell power systems operating at high busbar voltage conditions, the application of two-stage DC/DC converters in series can be adopted for voltage boosting. In order to explore the dynamic operational characteristics in this application, a system control strategy by building a hydrogen-powered system for rail vehicles was proposed, which was composed of 100 kW fuel cells in series with two-stage DC/DC converters, with the power cells directly connected to the busbar. Revealed in the dynamic operational test carried out with the circuit system of trams on a test bench specially established. The results show that the state of charge (SOC) of the power battery consistently approaches 45% when the initial value is preset within 40%~60% of its allowable working range, and the maximum busbar voltage fluctuations during traction and braking range between -4.5% and 3.4%. Moreover, the hybrid power system demonstrates a quick response to the varying power demands in different vehicle operating modes while the power of fuel cells varies gently. Additionally, the energy control strategy allows for preset system troubleshooting actions in response to different fault types. Despite the presence of large low-frequency current ripples between the two-stage DC/DC converters, the voltage ripple observed during testing is less than 1.86%. As a result, the hybrid power system operates smoothly throughout the whole test.关键词：two-stage DC/DC converters;hydrogen fuel cell;hybrid power;dynamic operation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To satisfy the high-power application demands of rail transit vehicles, an architecture and control method of a multi-stack fuel cell system specifically designed for rail transit was proposed. Firstly, the topology of the multi-stack system was designed based on the definition of the multi-stack fuel cell system, including the overall system, the single-stack system, the thermal management system and the electrical system. Then, the control system of the multi-stack system was designed, covering network topology, control flow, and power allocation strategy. Finally, a prototype of a 350 kW multi-stack fuel cell system was developed and validated on a certain type of shunting locomotive manufactured by CRRC. The results show that the proposed solution can fulfill the high-power demand of daily work for shunting locomotives, with the rated working point efficiency of the prototype reaching 42.1%.关键词：rail transit;fuel cell;multi-stack system;power allocation;shunting locomotive
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and to meet the market demand, CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd. developed a hydrogen energy digital rail vehicle platform, and applied the hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system to digital rail vehicle for the first time. The hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system is one of the key technologies of digital rail vehicle. For the purpose of this paper, the principle of model selection for hydrogen power and energy storage systems were summarized based on the key indicators, such as traction performance, endurance mileage and average power of digital rail vehicle, the scheme of system parameter matching and model selection that meets the actual operational requirements was determined, and an improved power following algorithm based on active following was proposed to keep the fuel cell system operates under high-efficient range during the operation of the vehicle. The test results show that when the energy management method proposed in this paper is adopted, the average hydrogen consumption of digital rail vehicle is about 20 kg per 100 km, and the total carbon emission of each vehicle is reduced by 125 600 kg per year, which fully proves the feasibility of applying the hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system to digital rail vehicle, and lays the foundation for its extension to other vehicle systems.关键词：urban rail transit;hydrogen fuel cells;hydrogen power system;energy storage system
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The paper investigated and designed a hybrid power source system, with hydrogen fuel cells as the primary source and lithium batteries as the auxiliary power source, for locomotives used in station operations, addressing issues of slow dynamic response, soft output characteristics, and inability to recover braking energy associated with fuel cell technology. Using hybrid driving as the baseline, traction calculations were first carried out based on locomotive parameters and actual operating conditions, and a power source system topology was designed by considering the output characteristics of both the hydrogen fuel cells and power batteries. Then, energy management strategies based on different operating conditions and various states of charge for power batteries were proposed to jointly schedule the output modes and characteristics of the two power sources. A power source system configuration was designed and implemented by calculating the operating conditions and system topology. Finally, through practical applications in various on-site working conditions, it is proved that the hybrid power source system designed in this paper can effectively meet the traction requirements of locomotives, and the designed energy management strategy can achieve efficiency improvement, verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis.关键词：hydrogen fuel cells;lithium battery;power source system;energy management;state of charge;shunting locomotive
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：A 100 kW hydrogen energy power system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was developed to meet the inspection trains for overhead contact line equipment along the railway lines under the jurisdiction of Xinshuo Railway Company, a subsidiary of CHN ENERGY Group. The system was designed to optimize the power supply voltage format and self-powering mode, enhance the system's adaptability to environmental temperatures, reduce system noise level, improve energy conversion efficiency, and enable communication and control between the fuel cell system, power distribution controller, and the train. The resulting product underwent verification on the performance and design indexes by a third-party testing organization according to national standards. Additionally, it was put into application on board to validate its compatibility with the train. The results show that the system fulfills the 700 V power supply requirements of the train, while the balance of plant (BOP) is self-powered without relying on external sources. The system can operate within a temperature range of -30 ℃ to 45 ℃, with noise emissions below 70 dB@0.3 m and a DC/DC converter efficiency rating of 40%. In practical applications, the fuel cell power system effectively helped the train in operations such as running, braking, and charging, demonstrating good compatibility with the train. The designed fuel cell power system successfully meets the requirements of the hydrogen-powered inspection train for overhead contact line equipment, providing a valuable design reference and practical engineering experience for the application of fuel cell power systems in railway transportation.关键词：fuel cell power system;hydrogen-powered inspection train for overhead contact line equipment;proton exchange membrane fuel cells;system design;system test;on-board operation
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Hydrogen Energy Rail Transit System
- 摘要：Medium-low speed maglev trains typically operate in elevated mode and have unique suspension systems and track structures that are different from traditional wheel-rail systems. As a result, these trains are more susceptible to the impacts of snowy and icy weather when running on elevated tracks. The article conducted research and analysis on the actual operation of medium-low speed maglev trains in icy and snowy conditions. A numerical model was developed to simulate the train's operating conditions in these weather conditions, and factors such as crosswind, speed, and track type were analyzed for their impact on ice and snow accumulation on the train. Four application scenarios based on existing vehicle and track structure combinations were compared and analyzed, and specific optimization suggestions were proposed. Finally, based on the actual application conditions and analysis results, engineering application plans and related design points were presented. The conclusions drawn from the analysis had significant guiding significance for improving understanding of anti-icing technology for medium-low speed maglev trains and its engineering application.关键词：medium-low speed maglev;anti-icing;crosswind;numerical simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Bearings work under a very harsh environment since they do not only bear load but also transfer load during vehicle operation. The occurrence of failure will seriously threaten the safety of vehicles in normal operation. From this perspective, the study of the method for bearing residual life prediction is of great significance. In this paper, a new bearing health index set was set up by combining the sparse autoencoder (SAE) and the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity algorithm, and the bearing degradation model was established by using the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, to predict the residual life of the tested bearings. Firstly, the characteristic indexes of healthy bearing samples and measured data were inputted into the SAE for training, from which two kinds of characteristic parameters for bearing were extracted, to calculate the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity difference which was then taken as a new health index. Then, the bearing degradation model was established based on the improved PSO algorithm. Finally, the new health index was used to predict the residual life of the bearings under real measurement. The results show that the fitting curve of the model has high prediction accuracy, and the performance degradation curve is close to the actual bearing degradation, so that the model can be used to predict the bearing residual life more effectively.关键词：Bray-Curtis dissimilarity;PSO algorithm;degradation model;residual life prediction
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：During the whole service life of a rail vehicle, the interference fit of positioning arm and rubber node in the bogie has to undergo several times of assembly and disassembly as required by maintenance. The resulting damage on the matching surface has a negative impact on the service performance of the parts and maintenance cost. The assembly and disassembly damage of matching surface is essentially a kind of friction damage under the action of high contact pressure. As the surface texture has good friction reduction characteristics, a kind of round pit matrix texture (surface density 30%, diameter 100 μm, depth 40 μm) with better damage reduction performance was machined onto the interference fit surface of rubber node. The experimental results show that the surface texture can effectively reduce the assembly and disassembly damage of fit surface. Especially the surface texture with melted layer is more excellent, which can greatly reduce the surface damage, improve the bearing capacity of the interference fit and effectively reduce the amplitude of pressure impact during the assembly and disassembly process. The main reason for the improvement of damage reduction performance is that the texture pits on the mating surface have a good grain storage ability, which reduces the occurrence probability of three-body wear. In addition, the hardness of the melted layer formed by laser processing is higher than that of the substrate, and the contact on the matching surface mostly occurs at the location of the melting layer, which reduces the real contact area and the possibility of adhesion. This finding is of positive significance for the interference fits that need to be disassembled and assembled for multiple times during their service lives.关键词：interference fit;assembly and disassembly damage;surface texture;melted layer;train bogie
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The high voltage electrical boxes on metro vehicles are subjected to random load during operation. In order to ensure operation safety, it is necessary to ensure that the fatigue strength of high voltage electrical box meets the design requirements. Aiming at the problem of aluminum plate mounting bolts at the three-position switch of the high voltage electrical box become loose during the operation of a metro vehicle, the fatigue strength of the high voltage electrical box is evaluated according to the standard load and FKM provided in GB/T 21563—2018 standard. The calculation results show that the fatigue strength utilization of aluminum plate is greater than 1, and the fatigue strength cannot meet the requirements of standard FKM. Through the impact test of the high voltage electrical box, in the longitudinal random vibration, the aluminum plate cracked and the bolts become loose, which verified the accuracy of the longitudinal random vibration simulation results. Based on the simulation and test results, the structure of the high voltage electrical box is improved. After the improvement, the fatigue strength of the high voltage electrical box meets the design requirements.关键词：high-voltage electrical box;random vibration;FKM standard;fatigue utilization;structural improvement;urban rail transit;metro vehicle
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The mountain rack rail transit system is a new type of rail transit system with the ability to operate on large ramps, and has been studied and promoted in multiple cities in China. At present, there is no directly applicable gauge standard for rack rail vehicles in China. The article took a Strub-type mountain rack rail vehicle as the research object, analyzed and provided a theoretical calculation formula for the special gauge of its bogie, and calculates the gauge. At the same time, dynamic simulation software was used to simulate the vehicle operation process to obtain the gauge. Finally, a comparison was made between the gauges obtained by the two calculation methods. The results indicate that the gauge calculated through theoretical formulas tends to be conservative and safer, making this method more suitable for engineering design. The research results of the article can provide reference for engineering design.关键词：rail transit;rack rail;rack rail vehicle;gauge calculation;dynamics simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Railway Rolling Stock
- 摘要：In response to the inefficient consideration of complex manipulation characteristics constraints and dynamic traction system efficiency issues in existing train energy-saving strategies, a detailed energy consumption calculation model for train operation was proposed based on the efficiency characteristics of the traction system and the mechanical work of the wheel rotation. An adaptive energy-saving strategy based on an iterative induced genetic algorithm was presented, and an energy consumption objective function considering the traction system efficiency was designed. The objective function was solved under manipulation characteristic constraints to achieve optimal energy-saving planning. Firstly, the optimization objective was designed as several sub-intervals based on the ramp of the train route. The route characteristic information of the sub-intervals was transformed into state and control constraints, improving the adaptivity of the energy-saving objective to the manipulation characteristics under changes in route information. Then, to overcome the difficulty of traditional genetic algorithms in solving continuous sub-interval optimization problems due to discrete independence, an iterative induced genetic algorithm was designed to calculate the Pareto optimal solution set for the energy-saving objective function. Finally, the algorithm was simulated and validated on the MATLAB platform. The simulation results of different line information show that the adaptive energy-saving strategy based on iterative induced genetic algorithm has good energy-saving performance under the condition of ensuring running time, with an energy-saving index improvement of 3%-13% compared to constant speed and constant force operation.关键词：energy saving strategy;constraints on complex manipulation characteristics;dynamic characteristics of traction efficiency;iterative induction;genetic algorithm;high-speed train
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Independently rotating wheels (IRWs) suffer from inadequate performance in lateral restoration and curve guidance. This paper focuses on studying the guidance control strategies, taking the IRWs driven by traction motors as the research object. To resolve the problem that the PID parameters need to be reset following any change in the system parameters for lateral displacement control, a parameter self-adaptive adjustment strategy based on fuzzy logic control was proposed. In addition, recognizing that the realization of guidance torque depends on wheel-rail adhesion, this paper proposed a torque distribution strategy that takes into account adhesion restrictions and was based on optimized adhesion control. Finally, the proposed control strategies were verified using an electromechanical coupling simulation model built with MATLAB and Simpack. The results show that IRWs still behave with good guidance ability to adapt to the changes in the system parameters and deteriorating track conditions.关键词：independently rotating wheel (IRW);guidance control;lateral displacement control;adhesion control;torque distribution
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The communication delay or interruption of the wireless coupling control system would seriously affect the braking and release performance of a train, undermining its operation safety. For the purpose of this paper, the 10,000 t heavy haul formation of 2
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Electric Traction and Control
- 摘要：Pantograph is a critical part in the current receiving of trains, and its strength and fatigue life are of great importance to the stable operation of trains. This paper presents a research of the sensitivity and fatigue life of pantograph strength parameters taking a pantograph of a subway line as an example. Firstly, a pantograph finite element model was established to analyze the static strength and check the strength, and a sensitivity analysis of the upper frame was carried out using the response surface method. Secondly, the measured data was converted into the fatigue load spectrum of the upper frame based on the quasi-static superposition method. Finally, combined with the fatigue analysis software nCode, the fatigue analysis and prediction of the upper frame were carried out. The results show that the maximum stress of the pantograph frame at the rated working height meets the strength verification requirements of the material. The degrees of influence of the parameters on the maximum stress of the upper frame in the order from large to small are: the thickness of the upper frame a, the thickness of the upper frame b, the Poisson's ratio, the elastic modulus. In addition, the minimum life of the upper frame on the pantograph meets the specified requirements of the standard for fatigue life.关键词：pantograph;static intensity;fatigue life;response surface method;quasi-static stress superposition method
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Pantograph catenary arc is an important factor threatening the current-receiving quality of high-speed trains. The motion characteristics and development law of pantograph arc under low air pressure are significantly different from those under atmospheric pressure. In order to ensure the safe operation of high speed train, the pantograph arc under low air pressure conditions was studied. Firstly, a pantograph arc test platform was built, and the development process of the pantograph arc with low air pressure was recorded. The voltage, length and root movement speed curves with time of arc were analyzed under different air pressure. The experimental results show that there are obvious phased characteristics in the development of pantograph arc, and the whole development process can be divided into three stages, including the initial stage, the rapid development stage and the frequent oscillation stage of arc. The electrical characteristics and motion characteristics of arc in each development stage were analyzed. The arc voltage was relatively stable in the initial stage, and the arc motion was slow. In the rapid development stage, the arc root movement speed and the arc voltage increased rapidly, and the arc current decreased. In the frequent oscillation stage, the arc drifted seriously, and the arc root jumping phenomenon occurred, and the voltage and current fluctuated sharply, which was the most harmful stage for the quality of train power supply. The influence rule of air pressure, airflow and current on arc development speed and arc length was analyzed. The multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the sensitivity of pantograph arc to various influencing factors, and it was found that the influence of ambient air pressure change on arc development speed was greater, the influence effect of airflow was secondary, and the influence effect of current was small. The research results provide a research basis for reducing pantograph arc damage and arc regulation under low pressure and strong airflow.关键词：pantograph catenary system;low air pressure;strong airflow;arc development law;sensitivity analysis;high-speed train;high-speed railway
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Railway Electrification
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