最新刊期
卷 ， 期 1 ， 2023
- 摘要：In the current development tide of rail transit towards green and intelligence, automatic operation technology plays a role in the control basis for the orderly and coordinated operation of trains under the future railway network conditions, and emerges as a typical representative of the rail transit development in the field of intelligent technology, thanks to the benefits to further improving the efficiency while reducing the energy consumption of train operation, eliminating the operation differences among drivers, and raising the consistency of train operation. This paper analyzed the current development and technical difficulties of locomotive automatic operation research in China and abroad, elaborated the overall architecture of the locomotive automatic operation system to meet the application requirements on the trunk lines in China, proposed a manned locomotive automatic operation design, with details on the key technologies such as train operation planning and speed control, train simulation in longitudinal dynamics, multi-sensor fusion perception, operation simulation of train systems, and was concluded with ideas and prospects on the future development trends of automatic locomotive operation technologies. The locomotive automatic operation system based on the above-mentioned technologies has been used in many CR regional groups and turned out with remarkable application results. The system can support different formations and loads, and is adaptive to different car models, control systems, and signal systems, demonstrating good universality and popularization.关键词：locomotive;automatic operation;planning and control;longitudinal dynamics;system simulation;heavy-haul train
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Special Report
- 摘要：Ignoring the effects of high-frequency signals and small-amplitude cycles that contribute little to structural fatigue damage, rainflow counting was performed on the vibration load of traction motors to generate a three-dimensional load spectrum. Based on the Haigh fatigue curve with a stress mean greater than 0, a mean load correction method was constructed to convert the three-dimensional load spectrum into a two-dimensional load spectrum. The test load spectrum was then extended across the life-cycle running mileage; the maximum load amplitude under the life-cycle running mileage was inferred depending on the consistency in the characteristic parameters of the load spectrum, to confirm the life-cycle load spectrum. Referring to the method defined in FKM, the variable amplitude cycle coefficient was calculated, the calculation method of the equivalent constant amplitude load was determined for the corresponding variable amplitude cycle, and the constant amplitude load spectrum was constructed for the vibration load fatigue test of the frame-mounted traction motor. A finite element model was established, and the fatigue strength at the welded joint between the motor seats and the cover plates of the transom was calculated by using the variable amplitude cycle over the life-cycle running mileage and the equivalent constant amplitude cycle load spectrum as the input respectively. The calculation results show that the weak areas of structural fatigue strength are consistent under the action of variable amplitude cycle and equivalent constant amplitude cyclic loading spectrum, and the maximum material utilizations are 0.277 0 and 0.326 5 at the joints, respectively. The equivalent constant amplitude cyclic loading spectrum established is conservative and can effectively guide the fatigue strength test of the frame.关键词：motor vibration load;on-track load test;variable amplitude load cycle;equivalent constant amplitude cycle;frame;bogie;fatigue strength
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to meet the demands of the European market, a new articulated car body structure for EMUs has been developed in compliance with the requirements of the European technical specifications for interoperability (TSIs) and incorporating the installation requirements of the articulated bogies. By optimizing the force flow transfer path and adopting measures such as a two-stage buffer construction, the stress concentration was reduced on the underframe local structure to improve its load-bearing capacity. The anti-roll device and anti-hunting damper were directly bolted to the underframe side beam with an improved structural cross-section, to optimize the previous load bearing on the welded transition mount into a direct pattern on the base material of the underframe side beam, thus improving the connection reliability. Calculations were made under 29 static strength conditions for the car body, and the calculated stresses under all the conditions were less than the allowable ones. Under the over loading (AW3) condition with 1 500 kN longitudinal compression load applied to the car body, the maximum stress occurred at the lower corner of the doorway, and the calculated stress was 147.4 MPa, less than the allowable stress of 215 MPa for aluminum alloy. The base material and all welds of the car body were evaluated under 8 fatigue conditions according to the standard DVS 1608, and all the calculation results revealed a material utilization less than 1. The maximum material utilization of the base material was 0.7, which occurred at the window corner of the side wall, and the maximum material utilization of the welds was 0.86, which occurred at the welds connecting the end wall threshold to the end wall column. In addition, the car body was measured under 16 static strength test conditions, and the stress values at all the measured points were less than the allowable ones, and the safety factor was greater than or equal to 1.24, leaving a large safety margin. The calculation results and test results show that the structural strength and fatigue performance of the car body in compliance with the design requirements, with a large safety margin.关键词：articulated EMU;Aluminum alloy car body;TSI requirement;fatigue;finite element analysis
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The heavy-haul trains under cyclic braking in the long steep downhill sections suffer from large difference in air braking performance and heavy longitudinal impulse, occasionally causing coupler breaking accidents and bringing great difficulties to drivers’ operation. In the current study, a traction calculation model was established for heavy-haul trains based on the data of Shuozhou-Huanghua railway recorded by the LKJ2000 locomotive operation monitoring equipment and the relevant track conditions, and optimized operation strategies were proposed for trains with different braking performances. Following the research approach of combining theoretical analysis with field application requirements, analysis was made on the operating procedures of heavy-haul trains in long steep downhill sections, and the air braking efficiency was calculated at different braking speeds, taking the air braking performance at 50 kPa pressure reduction as the benchmark and based on the model established from test data of the air brake line on heavy-haul trains. Analysis was also made on the influence law of different operation strategies on the speed curve change in the specific cases; furthermore, according to the air braking efficiency estimated on the basis of speed change during braking, such train operation strategies were optimized to avoid delayed stopping and ensure operation safety. Based on extensive simulation calculation and data analysis, the boundary conditions among air braking operation strategies were raised for the Beidaniu to Yuanpingnan section, and the corresponding optimized operation diagrams were formulated, providing theoretical support for safe and efficient operation of heavy-haul trains.关键词：heavy-haul trains;long steep downhill sections;air braking efficiency;operation optimization;pressure reduction
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Aiming at the potential failure conditions of the medium and low speed normal-conducting maglev vehicles during operation, the load characteristics of the levitation chassis were studied. Firstly, a dynamic model was established according to the actual parameters and the vibration characteristics were analyzed, to study the displacement characteristics of the levitation chassis under the fault conditions such as electromagnet failure and air spring failure. Then the load characteristics of the levitation chassis were analyzed under fault conditions; the strength of its parts was assessed. The results show that the maglev vehicle body and levitation chassis are connected indirectly by a sliding platform, leading to diversified vibration forms. Under the electromagnet failure condition, the levitation chassis under relatively large displacement at the centroid collides with the track, resulting in a sudden load change of the levitation chassis. Compared with the normal operating conditions, the stress of the longitudinal beam increases by 3.87 times to the maximum when the left electro-magnet fails, and the stress of the supporting arm increases by 2.59 times and 8.11 times to the maximum respectively when the left rear air spring fails and the emergency landing occurs. The current study on the load characteristics of the levitation chassis under fault conditions can provide a reference for the fatigue life calculation and structural strength design.关键词：medium and low speed normal-conducting small maglev vehicle;levitation chassis;fault condition;load characteristics;stress;track irregularity
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To solve the challenges related to non-stationary vibration signals in gearboxes, i.e. difficult feature extraction, high redundancy of feature vectors and low fault identification rate, this paper proposed a method of feature extraction and fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE), random forest (RF) feature importance ranking and support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the vibration signals of gears in various fault states were decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with different frequency distributions by ICEEMDAN. Then, the MPE values of the IMFs were calculated to obtain the nonlinear dynamic features of non-stationary signals in time-frequency distribution. Finally, the importance of such features was evaluated by the RF algorithm, and the sensitive features with high importance were selected to form the optimal feature subset as the input to SVM for fault pattern recognition. The experimental results show that this method with strong feature extraction and representation ability and as high as 99.79% recognition rate on average under different operating conditions is more robust in multi-operating conditions and small sample data sets, compared with other methods.关键词：gearbox;improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN);multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE);random forest (RF);support vector machine (SVM);feature extraction;fault diagnosis
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to study the energy absorption characteristics of expanding anti-climber, the material performance of expanding pipes with different thicknesses were analyzed. The influence of different restraint methods on the average force value on simulated static pressure section was studied. Through the simulation and comparison of tests, the friction coefficients under the two matching relationships of pressure cones and expansion tube were obtained. Material tests at different strain rates were carried out to study the effects of high-speed impact force on the stable section in different hardening models, and the forces on the stable section at different impact speeds were analyzed based on the SHS hardening model. The results show that the material performance of expansion pipes with different thicknesses varies significantly and different boundary constraints significantly change the static pressure simulation force value. The friction coefficients are different between different pressure cones and expansion pipes, and the value of force increases with the increase of friction coefficient. The average forces on the stable section obtained by high-speed impact are basically the same in different hardening models. The force values of different impact speed on the simulated stable section are basically the same in SHS hardening model, and strain rate effect only shows at the initial stage of the impact. Adopting 1/4 simplified model can significantly improve the calculation efficiency without compromising the calculation accuracy.关键词：expanding anti-climber;force value;friction coefficient;strain rate;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The current study is aimed to extend the service life of axle box bushing mounted on the bogie of 160 km/h power concentrated EMUs by structural optimization, based on the failure cases of such a train component. Firstly, an analysis was made on the boundary conditions of operating cases and failure reasons of the original structure. Then, according to the analysis results, structural improvements were made in many aspects like a rational pre-compression, close-contact rubber profile, streamline cambered surface of steel parts, and suitable thickness of the rubber layer. By the contrast of finite element analysis (FEA) results between the optimized structure and original one, rubber strain decreased by 9.64% and fatigue damage value decreased by 60% for the former, contributing to an obvious improvement in the service life of bushings. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimized structure to improve fatigue performance was proved in the fatigue test, showing a tripled fatigue performance. Through the preliminary evaluation, the fatigue life of bushings in the optimized structure could be extended from 2-5 years to about 8 years, which could improve the operating reliability of the EMUs and reduce unnecessary maintenance. The optimized product has been applied in on-track operation for about 4 years, turning out satisfactory in all performance indexes. The optimization design presented provides a reference for other bushings with a large radial deformation. Specially, the radial pre-compression should be equivalent to fatigue deformation to avoid tensile load on the bushings; aiming at the bushings with a large radial displacement, the close-contact rubber profile could balance rubber surface strain and effectively relieve folds arising from loading on them, thus improve their fatigue life.关键词：axle box bushing;structural optimization;finite element analysis;fatigue test;life improvement
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Insulation failure is a common problem currently for screen doors in the metro systems across China, because of the harsh underground working environment. Focusing on obstacles, such as insulation parts prone to failure, difficult troubleshooting and difficult maintenance, this paper proposed a composite material structure design solution with overall insulation targeting insulation failure of the screen door and the subsequent arc striking. The insulation design involving all structural parts was verified feasible and effective by experiments, providing guidance for subsequent insulation protection and safety upgrade of screen doors.关键词：urban rail transit;metro screen door;insulation problem;arc striking;composite material;structural design
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Due to the built-in axle box suspension, the EMU bogie with an inner axle box causes an obvious decrease in the anti-roll stiffness of the carbody and accordingly affects the running performance. The inner axle box bogie is usually accompanied with the measures of installing anti-rolling torsion bars and increasing the vertical stiffness of primary suspension, in order to improve the stability against overturning of the carbody. This paper proposed an anti-overturning device special for the EMU bogie with an inner axle box. It consisted of two disconnected circuits installed between the wheelset axle box and the frame. After analyzing the basic principle and stiffness characteristics of the anti-overturning device and vehicle dynamics model, co-simulation was performed to generate the dynamics performance and dynamic envelope of the vehicle passing large radius curves at various speeds by MATLAB/Simulink, AMESim and SIMPACK. The results show the effectiveness of the anti-overturning device to increase the anti-roll ability of the vehicle while maintaining the running stability, and the better safety indicators such as derailment coefficient and wheelset lateral force, in addition to a smaller dynamic envelope.关键词：EMU;inner axle box suspension;anti-overturning;curve;dynamic envelope;co-simulation;track irregularity
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Railway Rolling Stock
- 摘要：With the in-depth application of Ethernet technology in the train networked control system, the train communication network is facing increasing cybersecurity challenges. Based on the analysis on various cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risks in the train communication network, considering the service characteristics and network architecture of the train networked control system, this paper explored a cybersecurity protection solution tailored to the train networked control system, referring to the security requirements specified in the Information Security Technology-Baseline for Classified Protection of Cybersecurity (GB/T 22239) and IEC 62443 series of standards for industrial process measurement/control automatic network and system information security, as a guidance for the subsequent security system construction over the train communication network.关键词：train communication network;cybersecurity;cybersecurity risk;cybersecurity protection
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To solve the degradation in control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) due to uncertainties from parameter perturbation, as well as the problems arising from the speed sensor, such as high cost, demanding environmental requirements and deficient accuracy of estimation, this paper proposed an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control strategy for PMSMs of sensor-less speed regulation based on the adaptive square root generalized high-order cubature Kalman filter (ASRGHCKF) algorithm. A mathematical model of PMSM was first established under parameter perturbation, and an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control algorithm (ANFTSMC) was designed depending on the extended sliding mode disturbance observer (ESMDO). A novel exponential reaching law was selected to adaptively adjust the approach speed depending on the distance of the system from the sliding surface while the unknown disturbance of the system was accurately observed by ESMDO in real time. Finally, the speed and rotor position of the motor were estimated accurately, in combination with ASRGHCKF. Based on the simulation and semi-physical experiment results in comparison with PI control and the traditional sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm, the strategy under the current study was proven with better transient stability performance under motor parameter perturbation, benefiting to improving the sensor-less control effect of PMSM.关键词：permanent magnet synchronous motor;adaptive generalized high order square root cubature Kalman-filter algorithm;non-singular fast terminal sliding mode;extended sliding mode disturbance observer
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to improve the accuracy to diagnose complex open-circuit faults for three-level inverters, a new fault diagnosis method of three-level inverters was proposed, combining improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-fuzzy entropy (ICEEMDAN-FE) and support vector machine (SVM). First, the detection signal is supplied at three-phase load voltage, which was converted into α-β phase voltage by Concordia to reduce the dimension of the eigenvector. Second, the characteristics of the α-β phase voltage were extracted by the ICEEMDAN algorithm to generate the intrinsic modal functions (IMFs) at multiple scales. Then the principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted for dimensionality reduction to remove the false component of IMFs. Finally, the optimized mean FE of the IMFs was used as the eigenvector input into the multi-class SVM for training classification, to further enable fault diagnosis of the diode midpoint clamped (NPC) three-level inverters. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively identify a variety of open-circuit failure modes, and has the advantages of strong noise resistance, fast diagnosis and high diagnostic accuracy.关键词：three-level inverter;ICEEMDAN-FE;principal component analysis;support vector machine (SVM);characteristics extraction;fault diagnosis;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：This paper presented an improved sliding mode extremum seeking control (SMESC) algorithm with time-varying parameters, as a solution to steady-state oscillation and slow convergence speed of the traditional SMESC algorithm in tracking the optimal adhesion point of freight trains. In order to weaken the steady-state oscillation and speed up the convergence speed of SMESC, the mathematical relationship between the gain parameter and steady-state amplitude in SMESC and the correlation between the slope of auxiliary function and convergence were analyzed and optimized. The time-varying slope of auxiliary function was designed to improve the convergence speed of SMESC, and a dynamic gain parameter based on observation error was designed to reduce steady-state oscillation, and the convergence was analyzed. A resistance parameters estimation method based on particle swarm algorithm (PSO) was proposed to deal with the absence of running resistance due to inaccessibility for measurement. At last, the SMESC-based adhesion control law was designed, and the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method were verified by comparing with the traditional SMESC algorithm.关键词：adhesion control;extremum seeking;observer;steady-state oscillation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：This paper was intended to analyze the energy consumption data of metro trains under different working conditions primarily relying on experiments and applying simulation as the supplement. The energy consumption performance of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system and induction asynchronous traction system were first analyzed by the decoupling method, including traction absorption, regeneration feedback, coasting energy consumption, regeneration rate, to ensure the calculation accuracy thanks to the fixed boundaries and simple variables as much as possible. Based on the data statistics on the energy consumption performance of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system and induction asynchronous traction system on the trains running on Ningbo metro line 4 under different boundary conditions, laws were summarized from the specific energy consumption performance under the same target speed, coasting condition and cruising condition, to reveal the advantages of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system in energy consumption. The data of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system and induction asynchronous traction system were corrected and fitted by the measured coasting data in the experiments. Combined with the energy consumption data analysis of the auxiliary system, the correctness of the theoretical analysis was verified through data statistics and induction on laws, and the qualitative inferences were transformed into quantitative descriptions. Integrating the theoretical analysis with data, the points of view are raised for energy consumption optimization of the permanent magnet traction system, including the cooling fan operation, traction characteristics curve, field weakening for coasting.关键词：metro train;Nd-Fe-B;permanent magnet;induction;traction system;energy consumption;urban rail transit;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The main transformer is key power equipment connecting the main network with the urban rail transit grid, and therefore, its safe and stable operation has great significance. However, the impact characteristics of the metro load is different from the general power load of the grid, resulting in a more complex effect on the thermal life loss of the main transformer. In order to analyze the change of thermal life loss of the main transformer due to the impact load of the metro, in this paper, the waveform of the measured impact load of the metro was decomposed and its characteristics were extracted according to the time-varying characteristics of the impact load of the metro. Multiple simulation scenarios were set up to verify the applicability of the heat transfer differential equation method in the metro impact scenario, and the effect of the metro load on the transformer in multiple scenarios was summarized to determine the life loss of the main transformer of the metro. The analysis results show that the heat transfer differential equation method can be used as a calculation method for impact load scenarios of the metro. The life loss of the main transformer under the action of the impact load of the metro is more serious than that of the conventional electric load. The life prediction and equipment management shall be performed in advance for the main transformer in metro scenarios.关键词：impact load;main transformer;urban rail transit;grid;heat transfer differential equation method;thermal aging assessment
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to study the changes in the fault characteristics of the EMU lightning arresters exposed to moisture, an artificial moisture test platform of lightning arresters was built, on which the lightning arrester can be controlled to reach three states of light, mild and severe moisture respectively. The test was performed to study the characteristics of lightning arresters under different moisture conditions, including DC volt-ampere characteristics, DC reference voltage, leakage current under 0.75 times DC reference voltage and leakage current under AC voltage. Moreover, the water boiling test was carried out under the design conditions, and the results were compared with the artificial moisture test results for verification. According to the artificial moisture test results, the lightning arrester after moisture experienced significant changes in the volt-ampere characteristics curve; the leakage current contributed by the valve disc body and the cylinder wall was dominated by the epoxy cylinder with the increase in voltage; the DC reference voltage (U1mA) decreased by 6.8% in severe moisture, lower than the specification requirements of 5.0%; the leakage current at 0.75 times U1mA increased by 6 times in light moisture than that in the normal state. According to the water boiling test results, for the lightning arrester dried from the moisture state, the leakage current at 0.75 times U1mA also returned to the normal values, that is, the fault characteristic is only sensitive when the lightning arrester is in the moisture state; the resistive current accounted for 10%-20% of the total current in the normal conditions, and this proportion rose 4 times in the moisture state, that is, the resistive current is more sensitive to the moisture-affected fault.关键词：EMU;lightning arrester;moisture;volt-ampere characteristic;boiling test
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Since the catenary still needs to supply current for the trains stopping at stations or stopping temporarily on the track for some reasons, the pantograph-catenary contact part in a stationary state may suffer from overheat, which may lead to a thermal damage of the contact strip and even cause a catenary breakage accident. Therefore, the study on the temperature rise at the pantograph-catenary electrical contact during stopping of metro trains is of great importance. The pantograph-catenary contact is a very complex interaction of multi-physical field coupling including thermal, mechanical and electrical behaviors, and the contact force, thermal conductivity of the contact strip and sectional shape of the contact wire have an important impact on the pantograph-catenary electrical contact. In this study, the change rules of contact resistance and thermal contact conductance, and the modeling approach were explored for the static current condition of the contact strip and contact wire; a three-dimensional finite element model was established for the thermal-mechanical-electrical coupling; the effects of pantograph-catenary contact force, thermal conductivity of the contact strip and wear of contact wire to contact temperature rise was studied. The results show that the pantograph-catenary contact temperature rise can be reduced by increasing the contact force, selecting the strip material with a high thermal conductivity and improving the sectional shape of contact wire. The study results may be used as reference for the structural optimization of contact wire, selection of strip materials and guarantee of trains safe operation.关键词：metro vehicle;pantograph-catenary system;electrical contact;multi-field coupling;temperature rise analysis;contact resistance
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Electric Traction and Control
- 摘要：This paper proposed an implementation solution to build an integrated simulation test platform by combining digital simulation with physical interface equipment according to the overall requirements of collaborative simulation test and integrated test of the operation control system for high-speed maglev transport. In consideration of the characteristics, composition and basic principles of high-speed maglev transport systems, the dynamics and kinematics model of maglev trains was associated with the traction system model of the corresponding partition of the target track model by the corresponding partition attributes into a vehicle-ground interaction correlation model. Taking this correlation calculation model as the core, a semi-physical simulation test environment was established, including a vehicle system model, on-board operation control interface and partition operation control interface, which was connected to the equipment of the tested operation control system to form a closed-loop test system. In addition, the vehicle-ground wireless communication was simulated by networking via wired LAN, which created an internetworking test environment for the integrated simulation test of the operation control system for maglev transport. The experimental application in the actual project proves that the test platform with complete, reasonable and effective simulation functions can provide a test and verification environment with all-around functions and high-degree simulation for the operation control system of high-speed maglev transport.关键词：maglev transport;operation control;simulation;test;maglev train
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：With the development of urban rail transit, metro has become the preferred mode of public transportation for citizens. In order to improve passengers' travel experience, realize the matching of transport capacity and transport demands, and reduce the congestion in waiting areas of urban rail transit platform, in this paper, the optimization of the passenger flow density on platform was researched based on the balance indexes of running chart. Firstly, based on the basic methods and theories of queuing theory, a computation model which takes the passenger flow density in waiting areas of urban rail transit platform as the research subject has been established, and the relationship between the balance of running chart and the passenger flow density in waiting areas on platform has been analyzed. Then, through the process of creating peak periods, creating transitional periods, connecting task lines, conflict resolution, and balance treatment, the automatic generation of the balanced running chart of urban rail transit has been realized. Finally, combined with passenger flow data of Changsha metro line 4, the effectiveness of the method has been verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the automatically compiled running chart based on this method has a lower maximum passenger flow density in waiting areas on platform in respect of the manually compiled running chart. Therefore, the algorithm has a better practical value.关键词：balanced running chart;passenger flow density in waiting areas on platform;tidal passenger flow;queuing theory;urban rail transit
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Communication and Signal
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