最新刊期
卷 ， 期 3 ， 2022
- 摘要：To bring into full play of the flexible power flow control of the "source-network-train-storage" coordinated power supply system in improving the regenerative braking energy and renewable energy accommodation, a day-ahead energy optimization and scheduling strategy at the traction substation level based on train loads and new energy generation forecast data was proposed. Firstly, the day-ahead energy optimization and scheduling model was established in which the system power quality index is incorporated, to minimize the daily operation cost of traction substations. Secondly, the nonlinear constraints in the model were linearized and transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming problem, which was then solved by the CPLEX solver. Finally, the case study was conducted, taking a high-speed railway traction substation as an example. The results show that the proposed strategy is more conductive to the effective and flexible system application, compared with the rules-based railway energy management strategy in service, thus further reducing the daily operation cost of traction substations and improving the regenerative braking energy and renewable energy accommodation of electrified railways.关键词：electrified railways;source-network-train-storage;hybrid energy storage;photovoltaic;voltage unbalance;mixed-integer linear programming;day-ahead scheduling;high-speed railway
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Energy and environment are the common concern of all countries in the world today. Transportation is an important field of energy consumption and pollution emissions. The development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to ease the energy crisis and reduce pollution emissions. In recent years, with the support and encouragement of national policies, China’s new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly, especially in the field of passenger vehicles. There are a large number of excellent enterprises and products, and the development direction is relatively clear, but the technical route in the field of commercial vehicles, especially road freight, is not yet clear. Heavy lorries account for 6.6% of the total vehicle population in China, but their carbon emissions account for more than 50%, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions account for 75% and 50% respectively. Heavy lorry is key vehicle type for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, three possible schemes of heavy lorry electrification, i.e. battery swap scheme, hydrogen fuel cell scheme and electrified highway scheme, were analyzed. The three schemes have different characteristics and are suitable for different scenarios. At present, they all have their own technical bottlenecks. Hydrogen fuel cell scheme has good application prospects in long-distance freight transportation. In the short-distance freight transportation with irregular routes, battery swap scheme has more advantages. In the medium and short-distance transportation with fixed routes, electrified highway scheme is superior to battery swap scheme.关键词：road freight;reducing carbon emission;heavy lorry;hydrogen fuel cell vehicle;electrified highway
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：With the gradual expansion of the scale of China electrified railways, electrical phase separation and power quality problems have become the main shackles restricting the further development of China electrified railways. The through-type traction power supply system provides new opportunities to solve the above problems. Firstly, from the technical characteristics of the through-type power supply system, the current three types of through-type power supply system architectures of power electronic converters based, cable based and main substation based were systematically summarized; secondly, from the perspective of high-quality power supply, the power quality problems of different types of through-type power supply systems and their management techniques were analyzed. Finally, the development of the through-type power supply system was discussed and prospected to provide reference for the improvement of China electrified railway architecture system.关键词：electric phase separation;electrified railway;through-type;high-quality power supply
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Based on the current development status of urban rail transit and relevant policy requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China, the energy consumption characteristics, research status and development trend of urban rail transit at home and abroad were analyzed. Combined with the experience of Beijing subway on the current research about innovative green, low carbon new products and new technologies, the technical route of green and low-carbon development was proposed for Beijing subway from the perspective of systematic energy saving. The applicability research and engineering application of new energy, new materials, new technologies, new processes and new products in vehicles, equipment and facilities were clarified for further study, to support the green and low carbon technology innovation and high-quality development of Beijing subway.关键词：urban rail transit;carbon peaking;green and low-carbon;new energy;subway
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发布时间：2024-08-02
General
- 摘要：In order to realize the lightweight design and low-carbon operation of multi-system locomotive, an active suppression method of DC voltage secondary pulsation of reusable energy storage system was proposed. Bidirectional DC/DC circuit was used to transfer the secondary power pulsation in the four-quadrant converter to the auxiliary LC branch to suppress the intermediate voltage pulsation. Firstly, the stability of DC voltage of auxiliary capacitor was guaranteed by PI control. Then, the secondary pulsation power on the DC side was extracted and converted into the command current on the auxiliary LC branch. The command current was tracked by proportional-resonant control to realize compensation of secondary pulsation power. Finally, the control strategy was simulated to show significance of secondary pulsation voltage suppression and verify the feasibility of the theory.关键词：multi-system locomotive;elcctric locomotive;double frequency pulsation;active suppression;bidirectional DC/DC;adaptive energy storage system;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：With the sustainable development of low-carbon transportation, it is imperative to develop and utilize the solar energy resources along the railway. Using the space resources along the railway to implement photovoltaic power generation can not only provide clean electricity for railway traction system, but also expand the consumption space of new energy power generation. Therefore, a hybrid current control strategy of photovoltaic power generation for railway traction power supply network was proposed. The control was implemented in the three-phase static coordinate system, and the mixed current was controlled by the positive sequence current component required by photovoltaic power transmission and the negative sequence current component required by traction load compensation, so as to realize the unified control of grid-connected power generation and negative sequence compensation of photovoltaic inverters. At the same time, the control strategy can complete the negative sequence current compensation of single-phase traction load without phase sequence separation and extraction, and enhance the power quality of high-voltage side grid. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified on the RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform.关键词：electrified railway;traction power supply;photovoltaic power;hybrid current;negative-sequence current compensation;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 -
Regenerative braking energy efficient synergistic utilization technology for AC electrified railways
摘要：Strengthening the research and application of regenerative braking energy utilization technology is an important measure to promote the low carbon development of AC electrified railways. In order to further improve the utilization rate of regenerative braking energy, effectively solve the problem of insufficient absorption capacity of power load, taking cost control into account, a kind of synergistic utilization technology combining transfer and storage was proposed. Firstly, the composition and working principle of the synergistic utilization device were explained, and the hierarchical control architecture based on master-slave control was studied. Secondly, following the principles of transfer priority and maximum utilization, the control strategy that takes into account the multiple constraints of regenerative braking power, electric load demand power and rated power of the device was formulated. Then, based on the field measured data, the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy were simulated and verified, and the energy-saving effect was analyzed. Finally, considering factors such as cycle life, safety and reliability, lithium titanate batteries was selected as the energy storage medium, and the investment cost and the full life cycle benefits were calculated on this basis. The research results show that the synergistic utilization technology can realize the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy, so it has a good effect of cost and energy saving and high engineering application value.关键词：electrified railway;electric locomotive;regenerative braking energy;synergistic utilization;control strategy;transfer;storage;simulation- 60
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Low Carbon Rail Transport
- 摘要：The supercapacitor tram has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendly, and the study of its multi-section operating schedule and operation strategy can further reduce the operating energy consumption. Firstly, the on-board supercapacitor energy flow model was introduced, and the train dynamics model and supercapacitor model were established. With the goal of minimizing the total energy consumption of the train system, an energy-saving control model for collaboratively optimizing the train operation schedule and operation strategy was established. A dynamic programming algorithm was designed to solve the multi-section running schedule and running strategy of the train. Finally, through the simulation verification of the actual vehicle line, the results showed that the energy-saving operation strategy could be adopted in each interval. Compared with the standard timetable, the optimized timetable could further reduce the operating energy consumption; and the relationship between the total operating time and energy consumption of multiple intervals was analyzed, which can comprehensively consider the energy consumption and efficiency of train operation to set the running time, and use the collaborative optimization method to determine the timetable and operation strategy, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.关键词：supercapacitor;tram;operation schedule;dynamic programming;collaborative optimization;simulation;urban rail transit
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To promote intelligent application of bidirectional converters in active power supply, the mathematical model and scheduling control strategy were studied in this paper. The full power and constant voltage models were used to simulate the two different working conditions of the bidirectional converter, and the internal and external double-layer iterative algorithm was used to calculate the power flow. When all the bidirectional converters were in constant voltage mode, the minimum energy consumption of the whole network was taken to solve the output voltage equation of the traction substation and optimization model of inequation constraints. When the full power mode of a bidirectional converter existed, the strategy of raising or lowering the voltage of neighboring stations to share the power was proposed to reduce the full power duration of the bidirectional converter. The simulation results of actual metro line data show that the pure traction energy consumption decreases by 12.97% and the full power duration decreases by 62.4%, which improves the energy utilization rate of the traction system and reduces the power-limiting scene of the bidirectional converter.关键词：bidirectional converter;double iterative algorithm;energy consumption;simulation;urban tail transit;subway train
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：For the traditional PI controlled urban rail hybrid energy storage system, there are problems such as cumbersome parameter adjustment and lag in response to train start and stop conditions. An improved multi-step prediction control algorithm for urban rail hybrid energy storage system was proposed in this paper. The multi-step predictive current control loop was used to replace the traditional PI current inner loop to avoid the prediction error defect of single-step prediction and improve the dynamic response speed of the system. For the problem of large current ripple caused by non-zero equivalent duty cycle in the predicted current algorithm, the current fluctuation range at the optimal switching time was calculated in real time, and the switching action time was updated online. Finally, a hybrid energy storage system model for urban rail trains was built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that under the conditions of train acceleration and braking, the network voltage recovery time is reduced by 0.543 s and 0.644 s respectively, the overshoot is reduced by 5.98% and 4.83%, and the change rate of current ripple is significantly improved, which verifies the correctness and superiority of the strategy proposed in this paper.关键词：urban rail hybrid energy storage system;predictive current control;current ripple;dynamic response speed;urban rail transit;subaway train
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：Multiple lithium-ion cells are usually connected in series into a battery system in series connection, to meet the requirements of energy and voltage level for the rail transit equipment and electric vehicles. To solve the problem of inaccuracy in estimating state of power (SOP) due to cell inconsistency, this paper proposes a multi-constrained dynamic power estimation method based on a SOP errors predictor for the battery system in series connection was proposed. On the one hand, according to the operating characteristics and constraints on the operating parameters of the battery system in series connection, a SOP basic value was forecasted by a multi-constrained dynamic power estimation method. On the other hand, a neural network-based SOP errors predictor was proposed on the basis of terminal voltage inconsistency among cells in the battery system. The battery system SOP error was caused by voltage inconsistency. The estimated battery system SOP was finally attained by the sum of the SOP error and the SOP basic value. A system simulation model was created in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The battery system SOP was estimated by the presented method for a duration of 30 seconds, 2 minutes and 5 minutes respectively. The results show that the estimated SOP is always consistent with the measured SOP with a forecast error approximating to 2% of the rated continuous peak power. Moreover, by comparison with the estimation results by other methods, the estimated SOP using the proposed method is the closest to the measured one. Therefore, for a battery system in series connection with inconsistent cells, its SOP can be estimated accurately by the proposed method, which provides a way to improve the life cycle management ability of the large capacity battery system.关键词：battery system;cell inconsistence;state of power;state of charge;multi-constrained dynamic method;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Low Carbon Urban Rail Transport
- 摘要：The sizing parameters of the hybrid powertrain affect the life cycle cost of locomotives, which is critical for the development of hybrid locomotives. Although the traditional bi-loop optimal sizing method can generate the optimal parameters, the dynamic programming algorithms used as the inner-loop to improve energy management strategy results in a long computation time. A fast bi-loop optimal sizing method was proposed in this paper. In the outer loop, the particle swarm algorithm was applied to optimize the sizing parameters, aimed at reducing the life cycle cost. In the inner loop, the Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) was applied to optimize the energy management for each sizing parameter generated in the outer loop, aimed at reducing train fuel consumption and improving battery life. Then the optimal results were fed back to the outer loop. It was shown from simulations that the fast bi-loop optimal sizing method proposed in this paper can not only generate the same optimal sizing parameters as the traditional bi-loop optimal sizing method, but also significantly improve the computation speed.关键词：hybrid powertrain;bi-loop optimization;energy management strategy;particle swarm optimization;Pontryagin's minimum principle;simulation
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to eliminate the transient process of the hydrogen energy system of the hydrogen power locomotive upon switching between the grid-connected and standalone control modes, a seamless switching control approach for the hydrogen energy and pantograph-catenary parallel power supply system was proposed in this paper. With the control power targets of the Boost converter on the hydrogen power supply side in the grid-connected and standalone states interrelated, a unified Boost converter power command configuration strategy was established, which could realize the self-adaptive adjustment of the control power targets of the Boost converter to the grid-connected and standalone states of the hydrogen and pantograph-catenary power supply system, ensuring the DC bus voltage of the parallel system stable. Moreover, without detecting the state of the AC/DC converter on the pantograph-catenary side, smooth switching of the Boost converter on the hydrogen power supply side could be realized between the grid-connected and standalone states. The optimal droop factor design approach for the Boost converter on the hydrogen power supply side was then proposed by studying the relationship among the droop factor, the DC bus voltage and the minimum control power target. The proposed method was is verified by RTLAB hardware-in-the-loop tests. The results show the method is effective in stabilizing the DC bus voltage and realizing seamless switching of the hydrogen energy system between the grid-connected/standalone states under different load conditions.关键词：Boost converter;hydrogen energy power supply;seamless switching;grid-connected mode;standalone mode
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：With the continuous development of the application of new energy in the field of rail transit, the advantages of new energy hybrid locomotives in energy saving and emission reduction are more obvious, and the hybrid locomotive powered by hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries also has more and more extensive prospect. Based on the analysis of the operating conditions of the shunting locomotive, a hydrogen fuel cell range-extended hybrid locomotive powertrain system suitable for the operating conditions of the shunting locomotive was proposed, and the characteristics and advantages of the system were analyzed. Combined with the 700 kW hydrogen fuel cell hybrid locomotive developed by CRRC Datong Co., Ltd., the structural parameters, components and control methods of the powertrain system were introduced, focusing on the research and analysis of the matching design and energy management of the powertrain system. Through the research on the powertrain system, combined with the actual operation data of the locomotive, the feasibility of the range-extended hybrid locomotive power system was confirmed, and the follow-up research direction was proposed.关键词：hydrogen fuel cell;hybrid power;powertrain system;range-extended;shunting locomotive;energy management
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：The 3 000 HP full hybrid electric shunting locomotive was developed under a scientific research project approved by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., to adapt to the increasing low-carbon, energy-saving and environmental protection requirements of the rail transit development. Based on the platformization and modularization concepts, the locomotive was designed to run at a short-term 1 900 kW wheel power, under the hybrid power supply from the 1 250 kW 6240H diesel engine and high-capacity lithium-ion power battery. By analyzing the selection basis of tractive force, design principle, composition and topology of the electric system, the electric system design scheme was formulated in this study. The electric system performance was verified through experiments, including system stability, rationality of the technical parameters and all the performance indicators. It was proved that the 3 000 HP full hybrid electric shunting locomotive that is rational in tractive force setting and features high starting acceleration and superiority in energy-saving, emission reduction, environmental protection and noise reduction can satisfy the requirements of shunting application and achieve its expected design objectives.关键词：full hybrid;hybrid power;energy-saving and environmental protection;electric system;traction battery;FXN3D
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：In order to avoid "oxygen hungry" in fuel cells under the loading condition and improve response speed of fuel cells for vehicles, an fuel cells air-flow control method containing allowable current in stack was proposed. Firstly, based on the actual air flow in the stack cathode, the allowable current of the stack was estimated to limit the stack current. Then, the demand current was obtained according to the load demand power. Finally, the required air flow was dynamically obtained to control the speed of the compressor. Meanwhile, a compensator was designed to keep the reference current with the stack current. The results show that when the load current demand power is rapidly increased, the control method with the stack allowable current has a short load time and can avoid "oxygen starvation".关键词：fuel cell;air flow rate;excess oxygen ratio;oxygen starvation;stack allowable current;simulation;tram
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Hybrid Power and Hydrogen Energy Application
- 摘要：With the technological development of semiconductor and magnetic materials, the power electronic transformer has become a research hotspot in recent years. Compared with the traditional power frequency transformer, it has the advantages of high power density and high efficiency, full control of electric energy at the high-voltage side, and rapid protection, representing an important technical development trend of electric energy conversion in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In the field of traction, the early researches on the power electronic traction transformer abroad mainly focused on the 15 kV/16.7 Hz traction network system, while the domestic traction network system works at 25 kV/50 Hz. The domestic application of the power electronic transformer faces the contradiction between the compact space requirements and a higher working voltage, bringing a series of difficulties such as topology selection of high-voltage main circuit, miniaturization of insulation system, insulation safety of cooling system. However, the reports presenting the development status on the 25 kV/50 Hz power electronic traction transformer are absent worldwide. Targeting the power electronic traction transformer system suitable for the China's traction network system, the key technologies such as main circuit topology and control, high-voltage insulation design, cooling design was studied. In the current study, the neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level high-voltage high-frequency DC-DC isolated main circuit based on 3 300 V Si-based semiconductor devices and bilateral synchronous modulation strategy were analyzed and applied to realize rapid switching of traction/braking energy; The design approach of insulation system based on composite materials was proposed to realize the high insulation and withstand voltage of the main circuit to the ground; The key technology of pump driven phase change evaporative cooling was proposed to realize the transformer-converter integrated cooling. In addition, the development and on-board test were completed for the single branch prototype and engineering machine of the power electronic transformer. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach.关键词：power electronic traction transformer (PETT);three-level;composite insulation;phase change cooling;traction network system
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：A hybrid DC circuit breaker is the core protection equipment of a DC system, and its key parameters are critical to the products design and application, so the research on the influencing factors to such key parameters is of great significance to the matching design and adaptive operation between the system and equipment. In the current study, the key parameters such as breaking current, breaking overvoltage and energy absorption were extracted first, and the main factors affecting the design of the key parameters were analyzed in detail at the system operation level and equipment design level. Secondly, the equivalent models of the hybrid DC circuit breaker and traction power supply system were created, and the influencing factors were verified by simulation. Finally, according to the design requirements of key parameters, the first prototype of 1.8 kV/1 kA hybrid DC circuit breaker was successfully developed for the engineering application on the rail transit and metro vehicles, and a large number of experiments were carried out. The results show that the circuit breaker prototype with optimized parameters in consideration of various influencing factors can meet the DC application system requirements for the fast breaking capacity, and demonstrate its obvious advantages over the existing mechanical DC circuit breakers.关键词：rail transit;hybrid DC circuit breaker;key parameter;influencing factors;prototype development;simulation;metro vehicle
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发布时间：2024-08-02 - 摘要：To solve the problem that the overall control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system does not achieve the expected performance index when using conventional model-free sliding mode control (CMFSMC) algorithm, an improved MFSMC based on the quick reaching law was proposed. Firstly, according to the mathematical model of PMSM with parameter perturbation, an ultra-local model of the speed loop in the PMSM was established. Secondly, a new MFSMC in speed loop was designed by using an improved quick reaching law. Meanwhile, to improve the control accuracy of motor speed, the extended sliding mode observer (ESMO) was utilized for the real-time observation of the unknown part of the ultra-local model. Finally, compared with PI control and CMFSMC algorithm, the simulation and experimental results verified that the proposed method could reduce the dependence on the PMSM model, improve the transient steady-state control performance of PMSM, and guarantee anti-interference ability and strong robustness of the system.关键词：permanent magnet synchronous motor;quick reaching law;model-free sliding mode control;extended sliding mode observer;simulation;ultra-local model
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发布时间：2024-08-02
Energy-saving Technology and Application
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